Ritonavir (trade name Norvir) is an antiretroviral compound from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS. Ritonavir (ABT-538) induces CYP 1A2 and inhibits the major P450 isoforms (3A4 and 2D6). Ritonavir is frequently prescribed with HAART, not for its antiviral action, but as it inhibits the same host enzyme that metabolizes other protease inhibitors, allowing the clinician to lower their dose and frequency and improving their clinical efficacy. More specifically, ritonavir (ABT-538) is used to inhibit a particular liver enzyme that normally metabolizes protease inhibitors, cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4). Ritonavir's inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 enzyme reduces the metabolism of concomitantly administered protease inhibitors and changes their pharmacokinetic parameters, including area under the curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), minimum concentration (Cmin) and half-life (t1/2). As a result, the bioavailability of the boosted protease inhibitor is increased and improved penetration into HIV reservoirs may be achieved.

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Ritonavir 是一種蛋白酶抑制劑類抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒化合物，用于治療HIV感染和艾滋病。利托那韋（ABT-538）誘導(dǎo)CYP 1A2并抑制主要的P450亞型（3A4和2D6）。 HAART經(jīng)常與利托那韋一起開處方，并不是因?yàn)樗哂锌共《咀饔?，而是因?yàn)樗种婆c其他蛋白酶抑制劑代謝相同的宿主酶，從而使臨床醫(yī)生能夠降低其劑量和頻率并提高其臨床療效。更具體地說，利托那韋（ABT-538）用于抑制通常代謝蛋白酶抑制劑細(xì)胞色素P450-3A4（CYP3A4）的特定肝酶。利托那韋對(duì)細(xì)胞色素P-450 CYP3A4酶的抑制作用會(huì)降低同時(shí)給藥的蛋白酶抑制劑的代謝并改變其藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)，包括曲線下面積（AUC），最大濃度（Cmax），最小濃度（Cmin）和半衰期（t1） / 2）。結(jié)果，增強(qiáng)的蛋白酶抑制劑的生物利用度得以提高，并且可以提高對(duì)HIV貯庫(kù)的滲透。

American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Infectious Diseases Society of America. HCV guidance. http://hcvguidelines.org. Accessed June 12, 2017. [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: NORVIR (ritonavir) Capsules, Soft Gelatin for Oral use [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: Norvir (ritonavir) for oral use [Link]
CaymanChem: Ritonavir MSDS [Link]